Gums that bleed when you brush or floss are most often a sign of gum inflammation caused by plaque. It is common, and in its early stage it can usually be reversed with better daily cleaning and a professional clean. Bleeding is not something to ignore, though. If it keeps happening, book a visit with a dental hygienist or dentist so the cause can be checked.
This guide explains the common causes of bleeding gums, what you can do at home, and when to get help.
Why do my gums bleed when I brush?
The most common reason is plaque, the soft, sticky film of bacteria that builds up on teeth every day. When plaque sits along the gum line, the gums react by becoming inflamed. Inflamed gums are red, puffy and tender, and they bleed easily when touched by a toothbrush or floss.
This early stage of gum disease is called gingivitis. Because the cause is plaque, removing the plaque thoroughly and consistently usually lets the gums settle.
Other common causes of bleeding gums
Plaque is not the only cause. Bleeding can also be linked to:
- Brushing too hard. A hard brush or heavy pressure can damage the gum margin.
- Starting to floss. Gums often bleed for a short time when you begin cleaning between your teeth. This usually eases as the gums become healthier.
- Tartar build-up. Plaque that hardens into tartar cannot be brushed away and keeps irritating the gums until it is removed professionally.
- Hormonal changes. Some people notice more gum bleeding during pregnancy.
- Medicines and medical conditions. Some medicines, including those that thin the blood, and some health conditions can make gums bleed more easily.
If you take medication or have a health condition, mention it when you book. Do not stop or change any prescribed medicine without talking to your doctor.
Gingivitis and periodontitis: what is the difference?
Gum disease is usually described in two stages.
Gingivitis does not always progress to periodontitis, but treating it early is the best way to protect your teeth.
What you can do at home
If your gums bleed, the natural reaction is to brush them less. Usually the opposite helps. Gentle, thorough cleaning removes the plaque that causes the inflammation.
- Keep brushing twice a day with a soft brush and fluoride toothpaste. Use gentle pressure and angle the bristles towards the gum line.
- Clean between your teeth once a day with floss or interdental brushes. Expect some bleeding at first.
- Replace a worn toothbrush. Splayed bristles do not clean well.
- Cut down on smoking, or get help to stop. Smoking is a major risk factor for gum disease and can hide bleeding, so gum problems may be more advanced than they appear.
If bleeding has not improved after a week or two of careful cleaning, book an appointment.
When to see a dental hygienist
Book a visit with a dental hygienist or dentist if:
- your gums bleed regularly when you brush or floss
- your gums are red, swollen or tender
- you notice bad breath or a bad taste that does not go away
- your gums seem to be pulling back from your teeth
- a tooth feels loose, or your bite feels different
A hygienist can remove plaque and tartar, check your gums for signs of gum disease, and show you cleaning techniques that suit your mouth. If something needs further treatment, they can advise you to see a dentist. Our article on what a dental hygienist does explains the appointment in more detail, and our guide on whether to see a dental hygienist or a dentist can help you decide where to start.
When to seek medical advice
Occasionally, bleeding gums are a sign of something that needs a doctor rather than a dental appointment. Contact your doctor promptly if you have bleeding gums together with:
- bleeding that is heavy or does not stop
- unexplained bruising, frequent nosebleeds or other unusual bleeding
- feeling generally unwell, very tired or feverish
- bleeding that started after beginning a new medicine
Seek urgent medical help for bleeding that will not stop.
Frequently asked questions
Is it normal for gums to bleed when brushing?
It is common, but it is not a sign of healthy gums. Regular bleeding usually means the gums are inflamed and should be checked.
Should I stop flossing if my gums bleed?
No. Gentle daily cleaning between the teeth helps inflamed gums heal. Bleeding often reduces within a week or two. If it does not, book a visit.
Can a dental hygienist treat bleeding gums?
A hygienist can remove the plaque and tartar that commonly cause bleeding gums, assess your gum health and help you improve your routine. If you need further treatment, they can advise you on next steps.
Can bleeding gums go away on their own?
Bleeding caused by plaque often improves once plaque is removed consistently. Tartar must be removed professionally, so gums may keep bleeding until it is cleaned off.
Book a Dental Hygiene Appointment
If bleeding gums are worrying you, Jenny offers personalised gum-health support and professional cleaning at Village Hygienist in Prebbleton. Patients from across Christchurch, surrounding towns and rural communities are welcome. Contact us to book your dental hygiene appointment.
